GREEN CHEMISTRY APPROACHES IN SUSTAINABLE PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS

Green chemistry provides a transformative framework for designing pharmaceutical syntheses that minimize environmental impact while maintaining product quality, safety, and efficacy. This chapter discusses the principles of green chemistry and their application to sustainable pharmaceutical synthesis, including greener solvents, alternative reaction pathways, catalysis, energy-efficient processes, and waste minimization strategies. Case examples and metrics used to assess sustainability are also highlighted to guide researchers, industry professionals, and students toward environmentally responsible drug development.