OSMOTIC AND PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ENGINEERING CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC PRECISION FOR CONTROLLED THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES

The technologies of controlled drug delivery have made an impact on therapeutic arena through optimizing the pharmacokinetic profile, improving patient adherence as well as reducing side effects. Osmotic and pulsatile drug delivery systems are among them, which have proved to be potent in the desired results of zero-order kinetics and the synchronization of chronotherapy. The Osmotic systems employ osmotic pressure in order to release drugs predictably, whereas pulsatile systems are developed as bursts of drug release after a set lag time to fit circadian rhythm and pathophysiological characteristics of diseases. This chapter will give an extensive overview of the osmotic and pulsatile delivery systems, expounding on its mechanism, device designs, formulation approaches, mathematical modelings, and chronotherapeutics. The focus is on the recent advancements, including multi-layered osmotic pumps, stimuli-responsive polymers and hybrid chrono-modulated architecture, and regulation explainability, and translational case studies. Combination of pharmacokinetics modeling, material science and biomedical engineering concepts In integrating osmotic and pulsatile platforms into the morphing of precise therapeutics, these two technologies take different shapes into the future.