Ethnic Classification Issues and Spatial Characteristics of the Roma Population by Recent Datasets – Evidences From Northeastern Hungary

The estimated number of the Roma population can vary significantly depending on the ethnic classification approach, with self-identified data typically being lower, while hetero-identification, i.e. external classification, typically results in higher values. In the study, the former is exemplified by censuses, and the latter – in part – by local government estimates collected by the authors. However, based on the various data sources, the trend seemed clear in Hungary; both the number and proportion of the Roma population have grown dynamically in recent decades. The study uses the example of Northeastern Hungary to explore the differences between the data from census and local government estimates, as well as the territorial pattern of the emerging changes. The different trends emerging from different data sources cause a dilemma, especially in the case of underdeveloped settlement groups, as the census data seem to be resolving the issue, while according to local government estimates, the segregation of Roma at the settlement level is further strengthening.