Formation of internal irradiation doses to the population exposed to radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

The analysis of the results of the authors’ research in 1991-2026 aimed at studying the patterns of formation of doses of internal radiation to the population exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident is carried out. The main achievements in this area of research, problems and actual tasks that need to be solved at the present time are presented. Currently, the threat of radiological accidents as a result of military operations and acts of terrorism has increased significantly. The most important task is to ensure emergency response readiness, including the development of scientific and methodological support for situational crisis centers. This includes sorting out citizens with possible thyroid disorders. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant showed a catastrophic shortage of specialized monitoring tools for 131I in the thyroid gland. The Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology develops methods that make it possible to quickly calibrate and use widespread non-specialized equipment (wearable spectrometers and dosimeters) for mass screening of the population, which is especially important in conditions of time and resource constraints.