When sabotage becomes piracy: rethinking the legal protection of undersea infrastructure

For an overview of recent incidents in Europe, see A. Lott, Unconventional Legal Approaches to Protecting Underwater Infrastructure (HCSS, 31 March 2025).For incidents beyond Europe, see e.g.Dan Milmo, 'Risk of undersea cable attacks backed by Russia and China likely to rise, report warns' (The Guardian, 17 July 2025). (accessed 11 December 2025).