Dynamic Reliability Thresholds and Adaptive Load Management for Safety-Optimized Ageing Concrete Bridges

This study presents a reliability-based framework for enhancing the durability design of ageing concrete bridges by integrating time-dependent reliability (TDR) and performance-based durability design (PBDD) principles. The proposed methodology addresses these gaps through: (1) probabilistic modeling of resistance degradation and load variations, (2) dynamic adjustment of reliability thresholds to optimize maintenance strategies, and (3) a systematic linkage between target reliability indices and operational constraints. Case studies demonstrate how real-time load management can extend service life while meeting international safety standards. The framework bridges theoretical advancements with practical applications, offering actionable insights for engineers to mitigate lifecycle costs and structural risks.