Inclusive Multimedia Learning for Deaf Athletes: Integrating Indonesian Sign Language into Tarung Derajat Video Tutorials

Background and Purpose Instructional communication barriers remain a significant challenge in combat sport training for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (D/HH) athletes. In martial arts such as Tarung Derajat, foundational techniques at the Kurata I level require precise sequencing, timing, and technical accuracy. Conventional training methods often rely on rapid verbal explanations, which may limit accessibility and hinder motor skill acquisition among Deaf trainees. Integrating structured visual modeling with Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO) offers a potential solution to enhance instructional clarity and inclusivity. This study aimed to develop and validate a BISINDO-integrated video tutorial for foundational Kurata I techniques in Tarung Derajat using a systematic Research and Development (R&D) approach. Materials and Methods This study employed an R&D design adapted from the Borg and Gall model, consisting of nine stages: needs analysis, design, development, expert validation, revision, small-scale trial, revision, large-scale trial, and finalization. The product developed was a segmented video tutorial incorporating slow-motion demonstrations and synchronized BISINDO interpretation. Validation involved three experts (media, Tarung Derajat technical content, and BISINDO language). User trials were conducted with Deaf Kurata I trainees (small-scale n=2; large-scale n=3). Data were collected using Likert-scale expert validation questionnaires and Guttman-scale user response instruments. Feasibility was analyzed descriptively using percentage-based criteria. Results Media validation improved from 80% (Good) in the initial stage to 90.34% (Very Good) after revision. Technical content validation achieved 90% in the small-scale phase and 96% in the large-scale phase (Very Good). BISINDO linguistic validation reached 98% and 100%, respectively (Very Good). User trials indicated 100% positive responses in both small- and large-scale testing, confirming high practicality and clarity of the instructional media. Conclusions The BISINDO-integrated video tutorial demonstrated very high feasibility across instructional design, technical accuracy, and linguistic accessibility domains. The integration of structured visual modeling and synchronized sign language provides an inclusive and pedagogically sound approach to martial arts training for Deaf athletes. The product is recommended as a supplementary instructional resource and as a model for developing accessible multimedia training media in combat sports.