Evaluation of antibiotic use in fish farms in the Peri-Urban Area of Bobo-Dioulasso: Antimicrobial resistance in Burkina Faso

The irrational use of antibiotics in aquaculture represents a growing threat to public health, due to the risk of the emergence of resistant bacteria. In this context, the present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fish farmers in the peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina-Faso regarding the use of antibiotics in fish farms. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 46 fish farmers selected through convenient purposive sampling. The sampling was exhaustive and took place from January to June 2025. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)/World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. The results indicate that fish farmers’ knowledge of antibiotics and their effects shows a significant gap. The majority (84.8%) are unaware of the risks associated with the irrational use of antimicrobials, particularly antimicrobial resistance. Observed attitudes reveal a low perception of the danger: although some fish farmers recognize the importance of veterinary advice, most do not consider systematic involvement of veterinarians in treatments necessary. Regarding practices, 45.7% of fish farmers use antibiotics, of whom 76.2% self-medicate. Furthermore, 81% source antibiotics from the informal market. These results highlight sanitary management that remains empirical and poorly regulated, fostering risky practices. The study recommends strengthening producer awareness, promoting good practices, strictly regulating antibiotic distribution, and better integrating veterinary services into the aquaculture production chain. Key words: Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic use, fish farming, public health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.