The effect of hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) leaf extraction conditions and lipase variations on biodetergent characteristics

Synthetic detergents that have been produced these days are the leading cause of problems to the environment, such as high degradation levels and high toxicity levels. Therefore, a solution is available in the form of a biodetergent. Biodetergents that have been created contain hibiscus leaves extract, lipase enzyme, and other completing ingredients. The purpose of this research is to collect data about the effect of Saponin extraction operating conditions from hibiscus leaves and the variation of lipase enzyme composition on formalized biodetergent character. By using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) methods, the best Saponin content that has been extracted is 52,640 ppm with a sample to solvent ratio of 12:1 and 25 W/s of microwave power for 10 minutes. Afterwards, the Saponin content decreases because of structure breaking if using bigger microwave power, longer time, and a bigger sample to solvent ratio. Subsequently, the hibiscus leaves extract was mixed with other ingredients, generating the best formalized biodetergent in 7% of lipase enzyme composition, with a pH value of 7, density of 1.1014 g/mL, foam stability of 98.70%, and detergency power of 77.14%.