Comparative Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Adults

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Exercise training is widely recommended as a first-line non-pharmacological intervention; however, the comparative effectiveness of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on blood pressure and lipid profiles remains unclear. This paper reviews recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses from 2010–2025 examining the effects of these exercise modalities. In addition, a proposed 12-week randomized controlled trial is outlined to further investigate their comparative impacts. Evidence indicates that aerobic exercise significantly reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while resistance training produces smaller but still meaningful reductions. Combined training programs consistently demonstrate the greatest improvements in cardiovascular risk markers. Lipid profile improvements are generally modest but favorable, with aerobic and combined exercise reducing LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol, whereas resistance training primarily improves HDL levels. Overall, the findings support incorporating both aerobic and resistance exercise into lifestyle interventions for individuals with hypertension or dyslipidemia. Future large-scale trials are needed to refine optimal exercise prescriptions and examine long-term adherence and health outcomes.