Effectiveness of Hospital Management Information Systems in Improving Hospital Efficiency in Indonesia: A Scoping Review

Background: Digital transformation in the health sector, including the implementation of Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS), has become a key factor in improving the efficiency of healthcare services in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of HMIS in enhancing hospital operational efficiency and to identify the factors that support and hinder its implementation. Method: A scoping review method was employed, analyzing 10 selected articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Garuda published between 2018 and 2025. Results: The findings suggest that HMIS has the potential to enhance efficiency by automating administrative processes, integrating data systems, and reducing operational costs. However, its implementation still faces multidimensional challenges, with approximately 80% of issues arising from non-technical factors—such as the absence of standardized operating procedures, limited human resource competencies, and weak management commitment—while the remaining 20% are related to limitations in technical infrastructure. Studies by Waruwu et al. (2024) and Handayani et al. (2018) confirm that human resource training and strong leadership are critical factors for successful implementation. Conclusions: The conclusions of this study emphasize the need for a holistic approach that combines technological improvements, strengthening of human resource capacity, and the implementation of sustainable policies. Policy recommendations include the development of standardized Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), regular training programs, infrastructure improvements, and routine evaluation mechanisms. These findings provide a comprehensive perspective for policymakers to optimize HMIS implementation and enhance hospital efficiency in Indonesia.