Conceptul și esența pedepsei penale

In the doctrine, it was found that "among the criminal institutions, criminal punishment and other criminal law sanctions occupy the most importarrent place within the criminal policy, because their correct application by the courts contributes to the realization of an effective criminal policy of the state". Mankind has been applying criminal punishment since ancient times. Over the course of history, several forms and categories of punishments have appeared, depending on the representations about the necessity and effectiveness of such measures of influence on criminals.