The role of the bidirectional relationship between the cerebral structures and the intestinal microbiota in the organism"s homeostasis maintaining

The identification of functional systems and mechanisms regulating the body"s homeostasis can contribute to the development of procedures and measures to prevent premature degradation of vital functions. The role of the bidirectional relationship between brain structures and intestinal microbiota in maintaining the body"s homeostasis has been highlighted. The microbiotagut-brain axis allows the intestinal flora to influence the physiology and pathology of the brain through the neuroendocrine (neurotransmitters, hormones, humoral factors - GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, tryptophan, melatonin), immunological (cytokines) and metabolic (SCFA, PGN, MDP) pathways. When developing measures to prevent premature degradation of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to take into account the preservation of the balance between two major intestinal phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which will contribute to maintaining the body"s homeostasis.