Structural transformations of the education system in the Republic of Moldova in the context of global educational trends

The paper analyses the role of education as an economic determinant of sustainable development, based on statistical data on the education system of the Republic of Moldova for the period 2004 - 2023. The study highlights structural transformations driven by demographic, economic, and institutional factors, correlated with the gradual alignment to the standards of the European Education Area. Grounded in the concepts of the economics of education and human capital theory, the research demonstrates the multiplicative effects of educational investments on productivity and social inclusion. The international comparative analysis reveals differences in educational efficiency and governance. The results indicate progress in access to early and vocational education but also persistent challenges related to quality and economic relevance. The conclusion emphasizes the need for an integrated educational policy aimed at developing competitive and digital human capital, essential for sustainable development and European integratio