The effectiveness of human rights protection mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of the Ombudsman in Romania and the Republic of Moldova

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant restrictions on fundamental rights, challenging the Ombudsman institutions in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. This article analyzes the role of the People's Advocate in safeguarding human rights during the health crisis. In Romania, the institution benefited from strong constitutional prerogatives, including the right to challenge legislation before the Constitutional Court, effectively influencing legal frameworks and protecting rights. In Moldova, the Ombudsman acted mainly as an advisory body, lacking direct legal enforcement mechanisms. The study highlights institutional differences, challenges encountered, and offers recommendations to strengthen the Ombudsman's role during crises.