Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Improve Outcomes after CABG Surgery.

Background Dexmedetomidine, is used in cardiac surgeries for its sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesic properties, with minimal respiratory depression. It may improve clinical outcomes in CABG surgery by reducing inflammatory responses, providing neuroprotection, and enhancing hemodynamic stability. Aim To assess the efficacy and safety of perioperative dexmedetomidine in improving clinical outcomes in CABG surgery. Methods This prospective, randomized controlled trial involved 160 patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG surgery. Participants were divided into two groups: 80 received dexmedetomidine, and 80 received a placebo. Key outcomes measured included the incidence of postoperative complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay. Results The dexmedetomidine group experienced a lower incidence of renal failure (2.5% vs. 5%, p = 0.016), stroke (3% vs. 5%, p = 0.043), and postoperative delirium (7.5% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.035) compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the dexmedetomidine group had shorter mechanical ventilation (6 vs. 8hours, p = 0.028) and ICU stays (2.5 vs. 3,5 days, p = 0.037). CK-MB and CRP levels were significantly reduced at postoperative periods (p < 0.05). Conclusion Perioperative dexmedetomidine effectively reduces postoperative complications and improves recovery metrics in CABG surgery, supporting its use in perioperative management protocols.