Open Educational Resources as a Policy Instrument: International Lessons and Implications for Vietnam’s Higher Education

This paper analyzes Open Educational Resources (OER) as a strategic policy instrument for higher education reform. Drawing on global policy frameworks developed by UNESCO and the OECD, as well as international scholarship on OER ecosystems, quality assurance, and pedagogical innovation, the study argues that OER should not be understood merely as free digital learning materials, but as an integral component of educational governance in the digital era. Using document analysis and comparative policy analysis, the paper examines international experiences alongside the current state of OER implementation in Vietnam. The findings indicate that Vietnam has made significant progress in articulating strategic directions aligned with digital transformation; however, notable gaps remain in terms of a dedicated national OER framework, unified coordination mechanisms, quality standardization, and institutional incentives for participation. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy implications at the national level, the institutional level of higher education institutions, and for university libraries. These recommendations aim to foster a coherent and sustainable OER ecosystem, thereby promoting a more open, flexible, and inclusive model of higher education in Vietnam.