Climate Change's Impact on the Concentration of Total Suspended Particles and Dust Falling Basra Governorate – Iraq (2014, 2023, 2024)

Background: Connected is one of the biggest environmental and health issues facing the modern world, that climate change, including higher temperatures, and longer dry spells, increases exposed surfaces and reduces moisture in the soil, resulting in higher increases dust mobility. Objective: Assessment how climate change affects the amounts of TSP and falling dust in the Basra province in 2014, 2023, and 2024 Methodology: A total of 216 samples were gathered from six significant monitoring stations that reflected the region's geographical and environmental variety. Dust fall was measured using a cylindrical container installed at six selected locations in Basra Governorate, southern Iraq, for a full month. Dustfall was then measured. Results: The highest falling dust mean (14.3 g/m²/month) recorded in 2014 as opposed to 9.5 in 2023 and 9.87 in 2024. Between 2014 and 2023, there was a significant drop of 33.6%, which was followed by a slight increase of 3.9% in 2024. Geographically, the biggest risk of dust deposition was found in stations. In terms of the amount of total suspended particles (TSP), the monitoring station at (Hay Al-Khaleej) detected mean value of (1053.98 µg/m³) in 2014, which was more than three times the Iraqi air quality standards. Lag 0 and Lag +1 correlation studies revealed weak to moderately unfavorable associations between suspended matter and falling dust. Conclusion: Basra has grown more vulnerable to environmental stressors brought on by climate change, which are changing the patterns of dust deposition over time and place.