Omics Applification of Microalgae-Bacteria Consortium Wonders in Nutrients and Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater

Microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBCs) are a long-term biotechnology for treating wastewater because they are very good at getting rid of nutrients and antibiotics. This article summarizes how genomes, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are working together to figure out the complicated molecular processes that make up these consortia. We explain how omics methods figure out how different things work together, such as how nutrients are exchanged, how pollutants are broken down together, and how organisms respond to stress from things like heavy metals and antibiotics. Using omics makes it possible to find important functional genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways that are responsible for taking in nitrogen and phosphorus and breaking down xenobiotics. This makes it easier to construct high performance consortia. We also look into the new function of epigenetic control in helping microbes quickly and easily adapt to antibiotic stress. This is a level of regulation that goes beyond genetic resistance. Even though omics guided MBCs have the potential to change the world, there are still problems with data integration, scalability, and techno economic feasibility. We conclude that the integration of multi-omics data with machine learning and systems biology is pivotal for advancing the design, monitoring, and optimization of these systems, paving the way for their application as next generation, circular solutions in wastewater treatment to mitigate eutrophication and environmental antimicrobial resistance.