Design and structural performance of connections in façade

This study investigates the structural performance and design considerations of various connection types used in curtain wall and balustrade systems. Emphasis is placed on horizontal-to-vertical and vertical-to-beam/floor connections, which are critical for transferring loads and maintaining façade integrity. The paper evaluates different connector configurations, ranging from shear-only to combined shear-moment. It examines the use of extruded steel brackets, including fin plates and shoe brackets, in detailed applications. Thermal loading is addressed through the incorporation of slotted holes and expansion provisions, ensuring serviceability under fluctuating temperature conditions. The study also explores the use of custom-fabricated brackets, kicker supports, and steel inserts in areas with spatial constraints. Additionally, anchorage design is analyzed, with attention to edge distances, embedment depths, and concrete strength to prevent brittle failures, particularly in glass-supported systems. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to validate connection performance under service and ultimate loading conditions. The findings offer practical insights for engineers and designers aiming to ensure robust, compliant, and efficient curtain wall connections.