Police science between empiricism and normativity: Specifics of scientific research

Scientific research in the field of police sciences faces numerous epistemological, methodological and ethical challenges due to the nature of police action that takes place on the border between empirical facts and normative values. The paper analyses the key specifics of research in police sciences, including epistemological foundations, methodological approaches, research design, data collection and analysis, organisation of the research process, and presentation of results. A special focus is placed on balancing the objectivity of scientific methods with the practical implications for policing, as well as on ethical dilemmas arising from research on sensitive topics such as corruption, abuse of power, and police effectiveness. The paper emphasises the importance of an interdisciplinary approach, the application of evidence-based methodology, and the standardisation of research procedures to increase the relevance and reliability of scientific findings. It also discusses the need to enhance ethical protocols that safeguard respondents and maintain the integrity of research. The paper emphasises the importance of a reflective, critical scientific paradigm that accounts for the complexity and dynamism of policing, thereby ensuring the continuous development of both theoretical and practical knowledge in the discipline.