ADDIE Instructional Design Model Empowering International Chinese Language Learning: Mechanisms and Practical Strategies

With the rapid expansion of global Chinese language education, traditional instructional approaches have become insufficient to address the needs of diverse and cross-cultural learners. Systematic and learner-centered instructional design has therefore become an increasingly important topic in international Chinese language education. This study develops and validates an integrated model that incorporates the ADDIE instructional design framework, self-efficacy, and creative climate, aiming to examine how systematic instructional design influences international Chinese learners’ learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, as well as the psychological mediating mechanism and contextual moderating effect underlying this process. Based on 466 valid questionnaire responses, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis. The results indicate that: (1) the implementation of the ADDIE model significantly enhances learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of systematic instructional design in international Chinese teaching; (2) self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role between ADDIE and learning outcomes, suggesting that systematic instructional design can improve learning performance by strengthening learners’ confidence and sense of capability; and (3) creative climate positively moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and learning outcomes, indicating that an open, supportive, and exploratory learning environment amplifies the positive influence of self-efficacy. Theoretically, this study extends the applicability of the ADDIE model to the field of language education and reveals the interaction among instructional design, learning psychology, and learning context. Practically, the findings provide strategic implications for curriculum development, learner support, and classroom innovation in international Chinese language teaching. Finally, directions for future research are proposed to further deepen the understanding of systematic instructional design in cross-cultural learning settings.