Developing Learning Strategy Heuristics for Active Mobile Learning Platforms

This study presents a heuristic framework and four-level rubric for evaluating the pedagogical effectiveness of mobile learning applications. Drawing on literature in active learning and mobile learning platforms, we developed an eight-category framework encompassing active learning, audio-based engagement, content access, interactivity, collaboration, digital equity, instructor feasibility, and feedback. Each category is operationalized through sub-heuristics and assessed using a rubric that rates implementation quality from no implementation to full pedagogical integration. Situated within the Learning Engineering (LE) process, this work presents a nested design cycle within the Challenge phase, in which a heuristic checklist was created to systematically identify pedagogical strengths and gaps in existing mobile learning platforms. Using a multi-phase methodology, literature review, and framework synthesis and validation, we show how this approach offers actionable, evidence-based criteria for identifying strengths and gaps in mobile learning platforms. This framework is designed to support educators and developers in creating mobile learning environments that move beyond content delivery to foster deeper engagement, learner autonomy, and more effective learning outcomes.