Brazilian Dataset for Retinal Lesion Analysis: A Deep Learning Diagnostic Pipeline

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults, and early diagnosis is essential. However, limited infrastructure and a shortage of specialists restrict access to proper screening. To address this, we created the BDR-iD dataset using anonymized fundus images collected from an eye clinic in Pelotas, Brazil. From a total of 13,131 images collected between 2012 and 2024, 150 were selected and annotated based on DR presence and associated lesions. Deep learning models were evaluated, achieving an overall accuracy of 0.6667 in DR classification, but with poor performance in lesion segmentation and detection. The BDR-iD dataset aims to support the development of automated tools for DR diagnosis.