Ethical Issues and Institutional Challenges in the Adoption of Robotic Surgery

This study explores the ethical challenges of robotic surgery and proposes institutional solutions. While robotic systems enhance precision through motion scaling and tremor filtration, increasing autonomy creates a "responsibility gap" that obscures liability. A critical distinction is made between current tele-operated systems and future autonomous algorithms. Key challenges include AI opacity, surgeon "deskilling," and cost-driven inequality. This research offers three primary proposals: First, redefining legal liability by mandating "black box" data logging and shifting the burden of proof to manufacturers. Second, making manual conversion training mandatory in medical education and strengthening informed consent regarding technical and economic limitations. Third, establishing a "collaborative model" where robots are defined as technical partners, ensuring physicians retain ultimate ethical control. In conclusion, robotic technology must be integrated within a human-centric framework and rigorous oversight to ensure true medical advancement.