Project-Based E-Modules for Teaching the Human Movement System in Secondary Schools

This study synthesises empirical evidence on the design and implementation of project-based e-modules for teaching the human movement system in secondary schools. The review is motivated by persistent fragmentation in students’ understanding of the relationships between structure, function, and biomechanics, and by the under-use of digital technologies and culturally grounded movement contexts in biology and physical education. A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, targeting articles published between 2020 and 2025 in English, open access, and reporting primary data. From 163 initial records, a PRISMA-based multi-stage screening process yielded 15 eligible studies. Data on context, samples, designs, interventions, media, and learning outcomes were extracted and synthesised thematically. The findings show that projects using 3D models, makerspaces, local martial arts, high-intensity interval training, web-based dance learning, artificial-intelligence-supported exercise monitoring, and computer interfaces can improve conceptual understanding, motor skills, motivation, and movement and science literacy.