Digital and Ai-Driven Logistics in Nigeria’s Maritime Supply Chain: Adoption, Barriers, and Performance Outcomes

The integration of digital and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is fundamentally reshaping global maritime logistics, offering a pathway to enhanced efficiency, resilience, and competitiveness. Within the context of Nigeria, a nation whose economic fortunes are deeply intertwined with the performance of its seaports, the adoption of these advanced logistics solutions presents both a critical opportunity and a complex challenge. This study investigates the current state of adoption, the prevailing barriers, and the resultant performance outcomes of digital and AI-driven logistics within Nigeria’s maritime supply chain. Employing a rigorous secondary data analysis methodology, this research synthesizes evidence from a wide array of sources, including recent academic literature by Nigerian scholars, official performance reports from the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), policy documents, and international trade facilitation reports from bodies such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The analysis is framed through the integrated lens of the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and Institutional Theory, providing a multi-faceted understanding of the adoption dynamics