Phytochemical Test of Several Organic Fermentation Solutions

Pemalang Regency has shown an increasing trend in HIV/AIDS cases, with 10 cases recorded among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM), indicating this group as a key population vulnerable to HIV transmission. This study aims to analyze the background of deviant sexual behavior among people living with HIV within the MSM group at the Petarukan Subdistrict Health Center, Pemalang Regency. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted, involving purposively selected informants who were MSM living with HIV and had engaged in risky sexual behavior. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis based on the Miles and Huberman model (1994). The findings indicate that deviant sexual behavior is shaped by the interaction of psychological, social, economic, and structural factors. Psychological factors play a dominant role, including lack of family support, internalized stigma related to sexual orientation and HIV status, and limited access to safe spaces. These conditions lead informants to engage in concealed and poorly controlled sexual practices. Additionally, knowledge of HIV and safe sex has not been fully translated into healthy attitudes and behaviors. Limited access to inclusive healthcare services and insufficient structural support further hinder behavioral change toward safer sexual practices.