Legal Certainty for Health Workers in the Implementation of Child Immunization Programs Across All Regions of Indonesia

This study aims to develop legal guidelines to ensure legal certainty for health workers, analyze the basis for the designation of health workers as suspects in immunization cases, and examine the application of criminal and civil sanctions under health law. Using a sociological legal approach, this research employs conceptual and legislative analyses by examining relevant laws and Minister of Health regulations concerning health services, immunization, human rights, and criminal and civil liability to assess the implementation of legal certainty in practice. The findings indicate that existing laws and Minister of Health regulations can function as legal guidelines for health workers in implementing child immunization programs; however, inconsistent interpretation and application by law enforcement authorities contribute to legal uncertainty.