Performance Evaluation of a 50 MWAC Large-Scale Solar (LSS) System in Pahang, Malaysia

In pursuit of sustainability and green energy generation, Malaysia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity up to 45% by 2030, with a targeted installed solar capacity of up to 95 GW by 2050. However, despite this ambitious target, the Malaysian government faces several constraints in the development of Large- Scale Solar Photovoltaic (LSSPV) projects, such as grid integration challenges, expensive development costs, and lengthy permitting processes. To address these challenges, accurate modeling and calibration of LSSPV systems are essential to ensure grid compliance and optimize energy yield under tropical climatic conditions. This study develops and validates a 50 MWAC grid-connected LSSPV system located in Pahang, Malaysia, using MATLAB/ Simulink. The performance of the model was evaluated on both the DC and AC sides through key parameters such as DC power generation, inverter control response, and harmonic distortion at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) under varying irradiance levels at a constant temperature. The calibrated model demonstrated DC power deviations within ± 3% of the rated tolerance of the photovoltaic (PV) module, while the current and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values remained below 5%, in compliance with the standards and guidelines set by the Malaysian Energy Commission and Tenaga Nasional Berhad. These outcomes verify that the developed model accurately replicates both steady-state and transient characteristics of the LSSPV system. The validated framework provides a robust analytical foundation for performance optimization and future integration of large-scale solar plants into Malaysia’s evolving grid infrastructure. It serves as a practical tool for optimizing LSSPV design and supporting the country’s renewable energy transition goals.