The Evolution of Organizational Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review

HRMARS - This study offers a systematic literature review of organizational resilience studies related to business and management, combining findings from 218 peer reviewed articles published within 2010 and 2024 and indexed in Scopus. The review indicates that, despite tremendous growth in literature, organizational resilience stays conceptually disconnected and empirically inconsistent. Existing research alternately defines resilience as a capability, process, or outcome, leading to different measuring methodologies and inconsistent empirical findings. In particular, the analysis highlights persisting tensions in the resilience performance link, contradictory evidence about the effectiveness of ESG measures, and context dependent results of digital transformation among firm sizes and sectors. Drawing on a structured thematic and methodological approach, this review advances the field by critically integrating fragmented research streams and revealing systemic shortcomings in theory formation, research design, and operationalization. The findings underline the necessity for longitudinal, multi-level, and adaptive research frameworks capable of harmonizing firm-level strategies with institutional, technical, and sustainability driven dynamics. By changing the focus from descriptive aggregation to critical synthesis, this work provides a robust framework for improving organizational resilience research and practice.