A Nordic Perspective on AMOC Tipping

This report is the outcome of the Nordic Council of Minister’s sponsored workshop arranged in October 21-24, 2025 in Helsinki and Rovaniemi, Finland as part of Finland’s council presidency theme resilience. The workshop was in part motivated by the letter to the Nordic Council of Ministers presented in 2024, suggesting larger than previously assumed risk for The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) collapse. The purpose of this report is to summarize the scientific knowledge on the potential impacts of an AMOC collapse, to suggest ways to mitigate and adapt to these impacts, and to provide an outlook on remaining scientific knowledge gaps. This report is not just designed for Nordic policymakers and government officials, but also to provide a broader overview for a wider audience interested in the topic, and for those seeking for practical action points.