180 days after implantation of a polytetrafluoroethylene plate with a carbon coating: A – tight adhesion of the implant to the connective tissue, the carbon coating layer is preserved as a narrow brown stripe; intact mast cells are indicated by arrows; B – section of the implant surface showing layers of immature collagen fibers of the forming capsule and surrounding abdominal wall tissues with bundles of mature collagen fibers (blue color); connective tissue does not grow into the thickness of the implant; between the capsule fibers and the implant surface, there are few small foreign body cells

Cifra LLC Journals 2026 Open access