Figure 4, Smid et al., 2026, Estimating eruptive volatile emissions and fluxes in the Auckland Volcanic Field, Aotearoa New Zealand, Journal of Applied Volcanology

Figure 4. Global comparisons against past AVF volatile emissions for a) CO2, b) SO2, c) HCl, and d) HF (note the log-scale). Emissions for five past eruptions (coloured symbols) in the AVF were derived from the petrologic method and are plotted with emissions from basaltic eruptions worldwide for context. Errors on data from the literature depicted where provided. Errors on eruptive volume and emissions from past AVF eruptions (~5–14%) are shown but may be smaller than the symbols. In b), labelled lines indicate predicted SO2 emissions for different magma compositions and magma volumes (figure modified from Wallace (2001). Worldwide eruptions are Katla (1357 CE, Laki (1783 CE), Parícutin (1943), Jorullo (1959 CE), Agung (1963 CE), Surtsey (1963 CE), Eldfell (1973 CE), Krafla (1981 CE), Bárðarbunga (2014 CE), Kīlauea (2018 CE), and La Palma (2021 CE) (data from (Palais and Sigurdsson 1989; Thordarson et al. 1996; Thordarson and Self 2003; Burton et al. 2009; Calvari et al. 2010; Johnson et al. 2010; Rowe et al. 2011; Gíslason et al. 2015; Gudmundsson et al. 2016; Pardini et al. 2018; Kern et al. 2020; D’Aleo et al. 2019; Day et al. 2022; Burton et al. 2023; Milford et al. 2023). Figure 4 in the journal article entitled, Estimating Eruptive Volatile Emissions and Fluxes in the Auckland Volcanic Field, Aotearoa New Zealand, submitted to the Journal of Applied Volcanology. Part of Elaine Smid's PhD thesis at the University of Auckland.