Microfluidic technology facilitates and significantly enhances intelligent oil-water separation processes: a review

Oil-water separation technology plays a pivotal role in advancing the efficient utilization of resources, fostering the development of green technologies, and promoting the circular economy. With the continuous evolution of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, microfluidic-based intelligent oil-water separation has demonstrated significant compatibility with the “dual carbon” goals and sustainable development strategies. This is achieved through enhanced separation efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and the recycling of resources. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the realization and enhancement of intelligent oil-water separation technology within microchannels, highlighting the methodologies and advantages of microfluidic separation. The intelligent separation mechanisms and technological implementations are elucidated, including the introduction of wettability gradients within microchannels and the incorporation of external stimuli responses, such as the polarization effect of electric fields on oil droplets. Furthermore, the application prospects of multifunctional integration and automated control in microchannels for achieving and strengthening intelligent oil-water separation are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of microfluidic intelligent oil-water separation technology in the context of green microchemical industries and global sustainable development are outlined.