Enhancing soil citrulline degrading function to mitigate soil-borne Fusarium wilt

Citrulline turnover function was relatively suppressed in Fusarium-conductive soils. A. PCoA plot with Bray–Curtis distances generated from KEGG MODULE profiling (n = 5 biologically independent samples; r = 0.82, P = 0.007, ANOSIM). B. Relative abundance of the top 30 microbial functions annotated by the KEGG database in healthy (h) and Fusarium-conductive soil samples (d) (n = 13 biologically independent samples; two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05; fold change > 1.5). The highlighted text represents the module IDs related to the metabolism of amino acids and other organic acids. C. Cross-method feature selection identified key KEGG modules differentiating healthy and Fusarium-conducive rhizosphere soils. Module M00978 consistently ranked among the top discriminative features across both PCA-based contribution analyses and PLS-DA analyses, appearing in all four rankings (Fig. S4). D. The module M00978 (Ornithine-ammonia cycle) and all its reaction steps are highlighted within the KEGG arginine biosynthesis map to show their relative abundance levels in healthy and diseased samples (adapted from KEGG PATHWAY, https://www.genome.jp/pathway/map00220+M00978). E. The co-occurrence network of main reactions in M00978 and their related reactions. F. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of gene set constructed from all genes extracted from the co-occurrence network (center). The radial bar chart displays the results of grouping and evaluating the importance of reactions traced back to specific maps or modules based on random forest model. d: Fusarium-conductive soil samples; h: Healthy samples.