A Layered and Probabilistic Framework of the Cosmos: From Observable Reality to Quantum Foundations

This article presents a conceptual and mathematical framework for understanding the universe as a layered system, where classical determinism and quantum probability are not opposing ideas but complementary aspects of reality.By introducing a foundational substrate beneath all physical layers, the paper explains how observable spacetime, quantum behavior, and probabilistic laws emerge naturally from deeper structures.The work combines intuitive explanations with mathematical formulations, aiming to bridge physics, cosmology, and foundational theory in a unified and accessible way.