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We conducted a two-year rainfed field trial in an apple orchard on a loess-derived Calcaric Cambisol to test whether deep trench application of organic fertilizer combined with microbial inoculants improves soil quality and apple (Malus domestica) productivity, using five treatments: no organic fertilizer or inoculant (CK), deep trench application of organic fertilizer alone (OD), and OD supplemented with heterotrophic bacteria (ODH), photosynthetic bacteria (ODP), or a compound microbial inoculant (ODHP).