Analysis and probability health risk assessment of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in ice cream and cream samples consumed in Tehran, Iran

In this research, the MSPE-GC/MS method was applied to measure the concentrations of six PAEs (phthalate acid esters) in ice cream and cream samples, and a risk assessment was also performed using the MCS method. The mean concentrations of ∑PAEs and DEHP (in all samples) were 7.082 ± 2.845 and 2.067 ± 0.629 µg/L, respectively (that were below the standard levels). The carcinogenic risk’s results for DEHP revealed no carcinogenic effects were posed by the consumption of ice cream (7.78 × 10−6) and cream (1.16 × 10−5) for adults, while there was a negligible risk for children by the consumption of ice cream (1.09 × 10−4) and cream (1.62 × 10−4). The findings revealed the total noncarcinogenic risk (TTHQ) of PAE compounds for adults and children was