Morpho-pomological, chemical, and nutritional characterizations of fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes under semi-arid conditions in Western India

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is valued for its high nutritional content, adaptability to marginal environments, and cultural significance. The present study assessed morpho-pomological, yield-related, and nutritional characters of 10 fig genotypes under semi-arid conditions in western India, where high temperature and limited soil moisture impose significant challenges to fruit production, to identify superior accessions for breeding and dryland cultivation. Significant variation was observed in fruit yield (10.2–20.3 kg plant−1), total soluble solids (15.2–20.7°Brix), and mineral content, with local genotypes CHESFG-3 and CHESFG-5 outperforming commercial cultivars. Multivariate analyses highlighted distinct trait groupings and the unique adaptability of local genotypes. The first two principal components explained 68.4% of total variation, effectively distinguishing genotypes based on fruit quality and mineral parameters. The integration of morpho-pomological and nutritional traits provided valuable insights into fig genetic resources, emphasizing the breeding potential of local germplasm for enhanced fruit quality, nutritional value, and resilience in dryland horticulture.