Hcy Promotes a Pro-inflammatory and Migratory Macrophage Phenotype through the Rap1A/MAPK Signaling Pathway

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an important risk factor for various vascular diseases, and macrophage dysfunction plays a crucial role in the vascular injury aggravated by HHcy. However, the mechanism underlying homocysteine (Hcy)-induced macrophage dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we established an in vitro HHcy model by treating cultured ANA-1 macrophages with Hcy, then confirmed that the biological dysfunction of ANA-1 macrophages induced by Hcy was companied by the upregulation of Rap1A.