original data

Feedback plays a critical role in second language (L2) writing; however, most research has examined AI-based feedback primarily in terms of linguistic accuracy, with limited attention to learners’ emotional experiences and engagement. This study examined the effects of anthropomorphic AI feedback on L2 writing emotions and engagement among Chinese university students. Using a quasi-experimental design, 111 non-English majors were assigned to an experimental group (anthropomorphic AI feedback) or a control group (non-anthropomorphic AI feedback). Results indicated that anthropomorphic AI feedback yielded significantly higher feedback adoption and greater L2 writing enjoyment than non-anthropomorphic AI feedback. Although the frequencies of both feedback types significantly predicted the number of adoptions, they did not significantly predict L2 writing emotions or engagement. Interview data further showed that students perceived anthropomorphic AI feedback as more personalized, supportive, and motivating, which encouraged more active revision and sustained interest in writing. These findings suggest that anthropomorphic AI feedback increases learners’ willingness to adopt feedback and fosters positive emotional experiences, highlighting its potential to inform the design of AI feedback in L2 writing instruction.