Global burden of anxiety disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021

Anxiety disorders represent a major and growing global health issue, particularly among adolescents and young adults. This study analyzes the burden and trends of anxiety disorders in individuals aged 10–24 from 1990 to 2021. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we examined global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for anxiety disorders. Analyses were stratified by gender and age, and the association with the sociodemographic index (SDI) was assessed. The global burden of anxiety disorders in youth increased overall, with a sharp rise after 2019. In 2021, there were 16.67 million new cases globally among 10–24-year-olds, a 52% increase since 1990. Females consistently bore a higher burden than males (incidence rate: 1062.86 vs. 712.09 per 100,000). India, China, and the USA had the highest number of cases. A weak positive correlation was found between SDI and anxiety disorder burden. The escalating burden of anxiety disorders among global youth necessitates enhanced mental health education, public awareness, and targeted interventions. School-based mental health literacy programs and expanded telehealth services are urgently needed, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Further research into mechanisms and equitable access to care is crucial. The study reveals a significant global increase in anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24, with a marked rise observed after 2019, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The research identifies a weak positive correlation between the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and the burden of anxiety disorders, suggesting a complex interplay between socioeconomic development and mental health. The study underscores the impact of bullying as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, with a notable increase in the proportion of DALYs attributed to bullying victimisation, emphasising the importance of anti-bullying strategies in reducing mental health burdens.