Data from: Identifying protected area for native fish in arid regions under coupled climatic and hydrological change

This dataset consists of two components: (1) occurrence records of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii in the Kaidu River Basin, and (2) historical hydrological variables generated in this study. The occurrence records were compiled from field surveys and existing literature. The historical hydrological variables were calculated from runoff processes simulated by the SWAT hydrological model, covering the period from 1980 to 2023.