Eye Colour and Introversion–Extraversion Traits Among Students Aged 16–26 in Pakistan

This study investigates whether eye colour is associated with introversion–extraversion personality traits among students aged 16–26 in Pakistan. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected through an anonymous online questionnaire distributed to students from high school, college, and university levels. Eye colour was self-reported and categorized into brown, black, hazel, and light (green/blue). Personality orientation was assessed using a short-form extraversion scale adapted from established personality inventories. Statistical analysis examined the extent to which eye colour predicted introversion or extraversion tendencies. Results indicated no statistically significant association between eye colour and introversion–extraversion traits, suggesting that eye colour does not meaningfully influence personality orientation. Minor distributional differences were observed but did not exceed random variation. This research contributes to the growing body of literature challenging biological determinism in personality traits and provides region-specific evidence from Pakistan. The study emphasizes the importance of environmental, social, and psychological factors over phenotypic characteristics in shaping personality.