Regime-Dependent Breakdown of ΛCDM Across Cosmic Time

We present an empirical analysis of galaxy–halo deviations across cosmic time, based on independent low-redshift (SPARC) and high-redshift (JWST/COSMOS-Web) datasets. Galaxies are grouped into entropy-ordered dynamical regimes using a priori criteria, without post-hoc tuning.We find that deviations from standard halo expectations are not randomly distributed, but exhibit a monotonic increase with redshift. While low-redshift systems remain within conventional halo bounds, a growing fraction of high-redshift galaxies exceed physically motivated limits under conservative assumptions. The result is robust under Monte-Carlo propagation of photometric redshift uncertainties, permutation tests, and worst-case systematic corrections.We do not propose a replacement cosmological model. Instead, we document a regime-dependent empirical regularity that any successful framework for galaxy formation must account for. The analysis suggests that galaxy–halo coupling behaves differently across distinct dynamical regimes, with implications for the interpretation of early structure formation.