Spatio-Temporal Sensitivity of Healthcare Access

To address the lack of understanding regarding how healthcare accessibility drivers fluctuate, we introduced an analytic framework that systematically evaluates the changing influence of factors like travel propensity and population demand through spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA). Applying this framework to a case study in Florida, we found that the primary determinants of accessibility vary significantly by context, with travel propensity driving rural access and disease rates dominating in urban areas, and fluctuate considerably depending on the specific week and location. By quantifying these dynamic influences across multiple scales, our work offers evidence-based guidance for policymakers to design interventions that are precisely targeted to when and where they are needed most.