Extended Data: Supplementary Appendix for the Study “Prioritisation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance of gram-negative pathogens using a stacked modelling approach”

Our study addresses major global gaps in antimicrobial resistance surveillance for gram-negative pathogens in low- and middle-income countries by leveraging contextual socioeconomic, environmental, governance, and health-system covariates. Using a stacked ensemble modelling framework, we generated national AMR prevalence estimates for nine priority pathogen–antibiotic combinations from 2005–2021.