Time-Based Mint Expiry Loopholes: Temporal Exploits in Stablecoin Issuance and Redemption Logic

Time-Based Mint Expiry Loopholes arise when stablecoin minting, redemption, or collateral validation relies on fixed or time-bounded approval windows that can be exploited through delay, congestion, or transaction reordering. When expiry logic is decoupled from real-time validation and settlement guarantees, adversaries may mint or redeem stablecoins under stale conditions that no longer reflect valid collateralization or compliance status. This paper formalizes time-based mint expiry as a distinct attack class, analyzes its structural enablers and execution patterns, and evaluates its impact on stablecoin integrity, peg stability, and regulatory credibility. We conclude with mitigation requirements centered on atomic, real-time validation at the moment of issuance.