Research on an AI Image-Based Animation Workflow for 2D and 3D Animation Pre-Production Workflow Using ChatGPT 5.1 and Gemini Pro

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has introduced new alternative tools for animation production. Within the animation industry, AI has begun to be adopted across multiple stages of the production pipeline and, in some cases, has reshaped the conventional workflow itself. This study explores an AI image-based animation pre-production workflow for both 2D and 3D animation, utilizing two widely accessible AI systems: ChatGPT 5.1 and Gemini Pro. The pre-production process was structured into three stages—text-to-script, text-to-character design, and script-to-storyboard—and each AI system was evaluated across these stages. The results indicate notable differences in how the two systems interpret and translate prompts. Each AI demonstrated distinct strengths and limitations at different stages of the workflow. The workflow proposed in this study represents an initial framework that can be further refined and expanded in future research.